[ effect of omeprazole on colostral total IgG absorption in neonatal lambs]

Omeprazole as an inhibitor decreases abomasal acid secretion. On the other hand, acidity would be a determinant for absorption of Immunoglobulins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing abomasal pH due to Omeprazole administration on the rate of intestinal immunoglobulin absorption in newborn lambs. 30 lambs immediately after birth were divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each as follows: Group1; The lambs received colostrum from birth to 84 hours after birth. Group2; The lambs were fed by colostrum + Omeprazole [4mg/Kg] from birth to 84 hours after birth. Group 3; The lambs were given milk for the first 24 hours and after then until hour of 84 by colostrum + Omeprazole. Group 4; The lambs were fed with milk + Omeprazole for the first 24 hours and after then until hour of 84 with colostrum + Omeprazole. Group 5; The lambs received milk for the first 6 hours after birth and after then received colostrums until hour of 84. Group 6; The lambs were fed with milk + Omeprazole in the first 6 hours after birth and after then until hour of 84 by colostrum + Omeprazole. Blood samples were collected at 0,24,48,72 and 96 hours after birth. The total IgG was measured by ELISA method. Serum IgG levels in group 4 showed significant decrease when compared with the control [group 3]. However, no significant difference was shown in the serum IgG levels among groups. The results of this study showed that after birth increase in abomasal pH do not make effect on IgG absorption

[ comparison of the effect of oral and injectable copper preparations on serum copper status in sheep]

Clinical observations and studies have confirmed copper deficiency in Khuzestan Province, Iran. This study evaluates the efficacy of copper preparations in the treatment of copper deficiency in sheep. The study was carried out on 180 ewes in a flock with records of enzootic ataxia in their lambs in Ramhormoz. The ewes were randomly divided into 3 groups of sixty: The control group [Group 1]; the oral treatment group [Group 2]; and, the injection treatment group [Group 3]. The ewes in Group 2 received a 4 g capsule of copper oxide orally and the ewes in Group 3 received 50mg of calcium copper edentate by subcutaneous injection. The copper compounds were given before the release of ram into the flock. Blood samples were taken at the start and 2.5 months after the start of the study; and, during lambing time. Blood copper and ceruloplasmin content were measured. In all groups, at the start of experiment, the mean blood copper was near 3 micro mol/L. This measurement indicates functional copper deficiency or hypocuprosis and the mean blood ceruloplasmin was at the lowest level of the normal range. The blood copper and ceruloplasmin levels in the second and third sampling times in groups 2 and 3 showed significant elevations [p<0.05]. No significant differences were seen in the blood concentrations of copper and ceruloplasmin between the second and third sampling times for groups 2 and 3. This study showed that a hypocuprosis presents among sheep raised in the area and there was a partial response to a single dose of copper compounds. Therefore, repeated doses of copper compounds are recommended if hypocuprosis is diagnosed in any flock of sheep in the Khuzestan Province area

Prevalence of cryptosporidium spp. in camels and involved people in Yazd province, Iran

Although infection of dromedary camels with Cryptosporidium spp. is rare in Iran, it is considered a zoonotic threat to the keepers and herders of camels. Thus we investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in these two hosts in Yazd Province, a semi-arid region in center of Iran. This study was conducted during 4 seasons [winter 2008, summer 2009, winter 2009 and summer 2010]. Fecal samples [n=200] were collected from live camels. Also, 100 abomasal mucosa and related fecal samples of the slaughtered camels were investigated. Stool samples from 100 individuals who were in persistent contact with camels were also obtained. After staining by modified Ziehl-Neelsen method, the prepared specimens were studied microscopically. Results were analyzed using SPSS 16. The rate of infection in feces and abomasal mucosa of camels were 20.33% and 12%, respectively. In addition, simultaneous fecal and mucosal infection was detected in 3 cases in winter. Statistical analyses showed no significant relation between infection and age of camels, as well as their sex and the season. Cryptosporidiosis in people who were in long-term contact with camels was also investigated microscopically by obtaining stool samples of 100 individuals [50 in summers, 50 in winters], 24 of them being infected with Cryptosporidium spp. The rate of infection was higher in winter than summer [16/50 compared with 8/50]. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in camels and involved humans in Yazd Province is relatively considerable and of public health importance

Influence of antagonistic minerals in soil and pastures on the blood and liver copper in goats in Khuzestan province, Iran

The copper level in the serum of 1280 and liver of 200 goats raised in the mountain areas of Khuzestan province, Iran were determined. Copper, molybdenum and iron content of soil and pastures as well as sulfur content of the pastures were seasonally estimated. Mean serum copper levels of goats in Behbahan, Ramhormoz, Eizeh and Masjed-Soleyman districts were 8.14 +/- 0.21, 1.98 +/- 0.12, 7.74 +/- 0.11 and 6.97 +/- 0.14 micro mol/L, respectively. The results showed that the blood copper of goats in the area was significantly was low in Behbahan, Eizeh and Masjed-Soleyman and at a deficient level in Ramhoromz. The results also revealed a high level of molybdenum in the soil and pasture as well as high amounts of sulfur in pastures of the studied area. In this survey the status of copper in many goat flocks around the studied towns was dangerously low. Many liver samples had a copper concentration below 30 mg/kg and many serum copper concentrations were below normal. The results of this study confirm the presence of a secondary copper deficiency in goats in the mountain areas of Khuzestan province

Bacteriological and serological studies on mannheimia haemolytica infection in cattle slaughtered at Ahvaz [southwestern Iran] abattoir

In order to investigate the prevalence of Mannheimia haemolytica infection in cattle, nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were obtained from 250 cattle after slaughter at Ahvaz [southwestern Iran] abattoir. Nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured on blood agar and incubated at 37 [degree sign] C for 24-48 h. The suspected bacterial cultures were processed for isolation of M. haemolytica following routine bacteriological techniques. Sera were tested by indirect hemagglutination test [IHA] to reveal antibodies against the organism. M. haemolytica was isolated from 1.6% of the samples cattle. Statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship between age and sex with bacterial infection. Serological studies showed that 71.6% of tested sera contained antibody [titer >/= 1/16] against M. haemolytica. There was no association between age and sex with serological results

Study on the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida carriers in slaughtered cattle and relationship with their immunity status at Ahvaz abattoir

This study was carried out on 250 slaughtered cattle at Ahvaz abattoir in Khouzestan province of Iran to investigate the occurrence of Pasteurella multocida carriers and relationship with their immunity status. Nasopharyngeal swabs and 10 ml blood samples were taken immediately after slaughter. The swabs were streaked on 5% sheep blood agar plates. Cultures were incubated at 37°C for 24h and the plates were examined for colonies resembling P. multocida. Suspicious colonies were further subcultivated and examined microscopically and biochemically. The isolates were serotyped serologically and their pathogenicity in mice was carried out. Sera samples were tested for the presence of antibody against P. multocida by indirect haemagglutination [IHA] test and sera with a titer of >/= 1:16 were considered as positive. P. multocida was isolated from the nasopharynx of 6 [2.4%] out of 247 healthy cattle examined. There was no relation between infection and sex or age. All of 6 isolates belonged to type B. They were pathogenic for mice and caused death in injected mice within less than 24h after injection. Indirect haemagglutination test revealed the titers of >/= 1:16 of P. multocida antibody in 212 [84.8%] cattle. Among 6 cattle recognized as the carriers of P. multocida, 5 were positive serologically and 2, 2 and one of them had titers 1:128, 1:64, and 1:32, respectively

influences of seasonal variations on thyroid activity and some biochemical parameters of cattle

Blood samples were taken from eighteen non-pregnant Holstein heifers to investigate the effects of heat stress on some serum biochemical parameters with emphasis on thyroid hormones. The entire period of study was classified into two seasons, from July to September with mean temperature of 35.5°C [Max: 51°C and Min: 19°C] and from January to March with mean environmental temperature of 14.5°C [Max: 30°C and Min: 2°C]. In each season 4 samples were collected every 3 weeks intervals. A significant difference in the concentrations of serum total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol BUN, Calcium, T3 and T4 and activities of AST and CK was seen between hot and cold seasons [P<0.05], whereas the concentration of serum inorganic phosphorus was not significant difference between these two seasons. The concentrations of BUN, total protein, albumin and activities of AST and CK in summer were higher than winter, in contrast, the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, calcium, T3 and T4 were lower in summer than winter [P<0.05]. A significant correlation between T3 and serum glucose, cholesterol, AST and CK was noticed. Mean environmental temperature had a significant correlation with serum T3 glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, BUN, AST and CK. The results of this study showed that very hot conditions had a profound effect on thyroid activity and some serum biochemical parameters